Affects of Budgets on Creativity and Revenue

This paper explores the potential factors that could optimize the revenue growth of different companies. These factors include the creativity levels of the head of the business and the budget they have to work with. The businesses analyzed in this paper were Apple and 21st Century Fox

Three Dimensional Flow in a Sphere-packed pipe by digital holographic PTV and numerical simultation

In present study, high time-resolution flow field measurement in a sphere-packed pipe (SPP) is performed by the digital-holographic particle-tracking velocimetry. The visualization technique is carried out by a refractive index-matching method using a sodium iodide (NaI) solution employed as a working fluid. Hologram fringe images of particles behind the spheres can be observed, and the particles’ positions can be reconstructed by a digital hologram. Consequently, 3-D velocity-fields around the spheres are obtained by the reconstructed particles’ positions. In addition, numerical simulation of a sphere-packed pipe flow with Immersed Boundary technique is carried out to compare with the experimental value. In comparison with averaged velocity profiles, the experimental value is in good agreement with the numerical value quantitatively

Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography—A Review of the Process, Mold Fabrication, and Material

Micro- and nanopatterns perform unique functions and have attracted attention in various industrial fields, such as electronic devices, microfluidics, biotechnology, optics, sensors, and smart and anti-adhesion surfaces. To put fine-patterned products to practical use, low-cost patterning technology is necessary. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a promising technique for high-throughput nanopattern fabrication. In particular, thermal nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) has the advantage of employing flexible materials and eliminating chemicals and solvents. Moreover, T-NIL is particularly suitable for compostable and recyclable materials, especially when applying biobased materials for use in optics and electronics. These attributes make T-NIL an eco-friendly process. However, the processing time of normal T-NIL is longer than that of ultraviolet (UV) NIL using a UV-curable resin because the T-NIL process requires heating and cooling time. Therefore, many studies focus on improving the throughput of T-NIL. Specifically, a T-NIL process based on a roll-to-roll web system shows promise for next-generation nanopatterning techniques because it enables large-area applications with the capability to process webs several meters in width. In this review, the T-NIL process, roll mold fabrication techniques, and various materials are introduced. Moreover, metal pattern transfer techniques using a combination of nanotransfer printing, T-NIL, and a reverse offset are introduced.</p

Water-treatment reactors using titanium dioxide-modified polymer beads with an identical refractive index to water

Beads coated with TiO2 are frequently used in water-treatment photoreactors. In this study, to achieve both uniformity of UV irradiation and the promotion of reactions on the surface of the beads, a water- treatment reactor was constructed containing TiO2-coated beads of the fluoropolymer MEXFLON, which has a refractive index identical to that of water. The performance of the reactor in water purification was examined by means of a recirculation experiment using an aqueous solution of methylene blue. The pseudo-first order rate constants on the MEXFLON beads was 3.8 times greater than that on glass beads, confirming the effectiveness of matching the refractive index of the beads to that of water